Effects of psychotherapy in schizophrenia: I. Design and implementation of a controlled study.

This article describes a 2-year, multi-hospital study on the effects of psychotherapy for nonchronic schizophrenic patients. The design and methods used to evaluate the relative benefits of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) psychotherapy and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) psychotherapy when both are provided by experienced therapists against the backdrop of good hospital and psychopharmacological management are presented. Similarities and differences between the two therapies and the therapists are outlined. Special attention is given to the problems in implementing research on long-term psychotherapy. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the present study are discussed.