Cryptorchism and approaches to its surgical management.

About 1 in 200 boys has cryptorchism, and orchiopexy remains the cornerstone of therapy. Inguinal orchiopexy is adequate for the palpable or low-lying testicle. The midline preperitoneal approach is particularly good for the high testicle, and it permits simultaneous orchiopexy in most instances of bilateral cryptorchism. For the very high testicle, microsurgical autotransplantation offers hope for functional and anatomic salvage.