Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on insulin secretion, calcium uptake, and rubidium efflux in mouse pancreatic islets.

Epinephrine, norepinephrine or the more selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, inhibited insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets of lean mice or obese mice homozygous for the gene ob. Clonidine was highly effective at 0.1 mumol/l. In contrast, the preferential alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, had no or only a modest effect at 10 mumol/l. The effects of norepinephrine or clonidine were counteracted by yohimbine, a preferential blocker of alpha-2 receptors, but not by prazosine, an alpha-1 receptor blocker. The glucose-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ in the islets was only consistently inhibited by epinephrine. This effect was counteracted by yohimbine. Clonidine had no effect on the release of 86Rb+ from preloaded islets. It is concluded that insulin secretion is suppressed by alpha-2 receptor agonism in the pancreatic beta-cells and that this effect is mediated by mechanisms other than the transmembrane fluxes of calcium or potassium ions.