The peripheral and central changes resulting from cutting or crushing the afferent nerve supply to the whiskers.

In neonatal rats, crushing or cutting the infraorbital nerve, the sensory nerve supply to the whiskers, has been found to prevent cortical barrel formation. However, both procedures are followed by regeneration of one-third to one-half of the nerve fibres and reinnervation of the whiskers. By counting fibres in individual whisker follicle nerves, it has been shown that 29-67% (mean 45%) of the myelinated fibres regenerate to the whiskers after a crush compared to 24-56% (mean 39%) after a cut. Further differences between the crush and cut lesions were indicated by studies on the time course of regeneration. Counts of the regenerating fibres at various ages as well as recordings of cortical evoked potentials in normal, nerve-crushed and nerve-cut animals showed that recovery was 3-4 days earlier in the nerve-crushed, compared with the nerve-cut animals. In normal and nerve-crushed animals the evoked potential was first detectable 2-3 days after birth while the response after nerve cut could not be recorded until day 7. Even after 60 days the amplitude of responses on both crushed and cut pathways was only about one-third of normal, while the latency was prolonged (normal 5.8 +/- 0.25 ms, crush 6.5 +/- 0.26 ms, cut 7.7 +/- 0.67 ms). Central changes occurring as a result of nerve cut or crush have been studied by microelectrode recordings from the trigeminal nucleus (the first synaptic level) and the somatosensory cortex. These also indicate clearly the greater severity of the cut lesion. Thus, in crushed animals, all levels of the trigeminal nucleus as well as the cortex show only minor modifications. The whiskers occupy the same total area and responses from all whiskers are present at their normal sites. However, after nerve cut, the responses from both the trigeminal nucleus and cortex show clear abnormalities. The total whisker area is reduced with a concomitant expansion of responses from the nose, check, lower jaw, and whiskers by the eye and ear. In addition, only one-third to one-half of the whiskers give responses. The site of these abnormalities is localized to the trigeminal nucleus since all whiskers show innervation in the peripheral nerve. It is suggested that the longer recovery time as well as the reduced accuracy of reinnervation may contribute to the poorer central recovery after a nerve cut.