The localization of the anion-sensitive ATPase activity in corneal endothelium.

The localization of the anion-sensitive ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) of bovine corneal endothelium has been investigated. Homogenates were fractionated by differential and density gradient centrifugation, into fractions enriched in plasma membranes and mitochondria. (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) were used as marker enzymes for these two cell components, and glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.5) was used to identify endoplasmic reticulum. 5'-Nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) was also measured but was found not to be exclusively associated with any one cell component. The activity of the anion-sensitive ATPase (HCO3--ATPase) was measured in suspensions that were frozen and thawed before assay in order to expose latent enzyme activity. The fraction containing the greatest amount of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (35%) contained only 6% of the cytochrome oxidase and HCO3--ATPase. Conversely, the mitochondrial fraction, containing 40% of the cytochrome oxidase, contained about 40% of the HCO3--ATPase, but only 7% of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. The recoveries and relative degree of purification of the cytochrome oxidase and HCO3--ATPase were also nearly identical in the other fractions examined. It was concluded that the anion-sensitive ATPase activity of the corneal endothelium is located solely in the mitochondria and not in the plasma membrane. Consequently, any role that the enzymes may have in the transport of bicarbonate across this tissue, which had been suggested in earlier studies, must be an indirect one.