Current perspectives on childhood depression: an overview.

The rapidly increasing research interest in childhood depression indicates that it has become a recognized disorder. The authors review the literature on depression in children, focusing on epidemiology, various diagnostic criteria, classification schemes, assessment instruments, and intervention studies that have been applied to childhood depression. Given that there are many etiological factors, it will be important to study the disorder from various conceptual frameworks, including biochemical, genetic learned helplessness, life stresses, cognitive distortion, behavioral reinforcement, and sociological models.