Breast vs bottle: endocrine responses are different with formula feeding.

Differences in pancreatic and gut-hormone release between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants have not been documented although these hormones may play a key role in postnatal adaptation. In a study of 77 six-day-old healthy term infants, bottle-fed neonates ('Cow and Gate Premium') had significant changes in plasma-concentrations of insulin, motilin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, and pancreatic polypeptide after feeding, whereas in breast-fed infants these changes were reduced or absent. Basal levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were also higher in the bottle-fed infants than in those who were breast-fed. These findings may partly explain differences in the deposition of subcutaneous fat and in stool frequency between breast-fed and bottle-fed neonates.