The place of bone-marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukaemia.

28 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in first remission were maintained on chemotherapy, consisting of courses of cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin, and immunotherapy with irradiated AML cells and BCG. The relapse rate and survival rate of these patients were compared with those of a simultaneously treated group of 22 patients in first remission who received sibling bone-marrow transplants after cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg) given for 2 days and followed by a single dose of 1000 rads total body irradiation. Substantially fewer transplanted patients (4 out of 22) than chemo-immunotherapy patients (19 out of 28) relapsed (p less than 0.005) and 14 (64%) transplanted patients remain alive, well, and disease-free. Survival curves of the two groups of patients show that the transplanted patients never fared worse than the chemo-immunotherapy patients. We suggest that when possible young AML patients in remission should be offered transplantation as an alternative form of treatment.