Interaction of ovarian steroids and periarterial alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in altering uterine blood flow during the estrous cycle of gilts.

In vivo exposure to progesterone increases while estrogen decreases in vitro contractility of uterine arteries to nerve stimulation. In addition, uterine blood flow is highly correlated with the estrogen: progesterone ratio in systemic blood throughout the porcine estrous cycle (approximately 21 days). This study was conducted to compare the function of uterine periarterial sympathetic nerves of eight pigs during the follicular phase, the period of highest uterine blood flow and estrogen: progesterone ratio (days 19 to 21), with eight animals during the luteal phase, the period of lowest uterine blood flow and estrogen: progesterone ratio (day 13). The first day of behavioral estrus was designated as day 0. Uterine arteries from each pig were evaluated for (1) in vitro contractility to nerve stimulation, (2) alpha 1-adrenergic receptor binding with use of the specific ligand 3H-WB-4101, and (3) concentrations of norepinephrine with use of a radioenzymatic assay. Uterine arterial contractility to nerve stimulation was greater (p less than 0.01) for pigs in the luteal phase than for those in the follicular phase (216 +/- 36 versus 56 +/- 26 mm Hg). Furthermore, uterine arteries from luteal phase pigs had greater (p less than 0.05) alpha 1-receptor binding (47 +/- 6 versus 35 +/- 5 fmol/mg of protein) than those from follicular phase pigs. Uterine arterial concentrations of norepinephrine were similar for follicular phase and luteal phase pigs. These results suggest that ovarian steroids alter the function of uterine periarterial sympathetic nerves through changes in alpha 1-adrenergic receptor numbers, which may contribute to the marked changes in uterine blood flow observed during the porcine estrous cycle.