Ovulation in the marmoset monkey: endocrinology, prediction and detection.

Circulating progesterone, oestrogens and LH were measured in female marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) over the periovulatory period. Progesterone concentrations increased in all animals within 1 day of the estimated day of ovulation, confirming the usefulness of this hormone for retrospective detection of ovulation. Oestradiol-17 beta and LH both showed a preovulatory rise, but due to the large quantity of plasma required (oestradiol: 0.2 ml) and the length of time taken for the assay (LH: 2-3 days), measurement of these hormones is not practical for the prediction of ovulation. There were no preovulatory changes in unconjugated oestrone, but a rise in total (i.e. conjugated plus unconjugated) oestrone was used to time the collection of recently ovulated oocytes. Levels of oestrone-3-sulphate showed an increase at least 1 day before the expected day of ovulation in four out of five animals. This preovulatory rise can be measured easily by a rapid direct assay, thereby providing a practical method for predicting ovulation in this species.