Reevaluation of 5-fluorouracil as a single therapeutic agent for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.

Large dosage of 5-fluorouracil given by slow intravenous infusion has proved to be very effective in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. From 1965 through 1975, 5-fluorouracil was used as a single chemotherapeutic agent in 173 cases of invasive mole and 139 cases of choriocarcinoma. Complete remission was achieved in 84.9% of cases of invasive mole and in 59.3% of cases of choriocarcinoma when 5-fluorouracil was used as the initial treatment. Seven recurrences with three deaths occurred during follow-up in 216 patients who had achieved complete remission, providing a recurrence rate of 3.2% and recurrence death rate of 1.4%. All of the survivors were followed up for more than 5 years and 85.6% for more than 10 years. Toxicity of 5-fluorouracil was milder and less frequent than that of 6-mercaptopurine or methotrexate. The toxic reaction specific to 5-fluorouracil was diarrhea, which can result in pseudomembranous colitis if improperly treated. One of the two toxic deaths was due to this complication.