Substrate and dilution effects on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by carbamates.

1. The kinetics of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity and its inhibition by eserine or by Sevin (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) have been studied over the substrate concentration range 5x10(-8) to 2.5x10(-2)m. 2. Equations are given for inhibition as a function of time, substrate and inhibitor concentrations, and the relevant parameters determined at 25 degrees and 37 degrees . 3. The observed and calculated effects of time, dilution, substrate addition and enzyme concentration were in good agreement and consistent with a steady-state carbamylation by eserine or by Sevin in the presence of excess of inhibitor. 4. The quantitative destruction of either inhibitor at high enzyme concentrations implied by the carbamylation hypothesis has been confirmed experimentally. 5. The importance and possibility of allowing quantitatively for dilution and substrate effects when estimating carbamate inhibition are demonstrated.