Pregnancy and urinary calculi.

The possibility of upper urinary tract calculus disease is at least as great in pregnant as in nonpregnant women, and such disease if present carries greater risks during pregnancy. The well-being and even the life of both mother and fetus may depend on prompt diagnosis, the right kind of management and effective treatment. With adequate precaution, such essential procedures as urography and emergency surgical intervention can be carried out during pregnancy at little greater hazard than ordinarily attends them.