Very low density lipoproteins in intestinal lymph: origin, composition, and role in lipid transport in the fasting state.

The transport of endogenous lipids in the lipoproteins of mesenteric lymph was studied in fasting rats with mesenteric lymph fistulas. The lymph was found to contain, in addition to chylomicrons (S(f) >400), a significant amount of another, more dense, triglyceride-rich fraction, the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which showed a peak S(f) of 102. The VLDL differed from chylomicrons not only in flotation, but also in per cent lipid composition and electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel. The VLDL fraction was found to contain 47% of the triglyceride and 54% of the cholesterol of fasting lymph and, in the fasting state, was the major lipoprotein species present. When cholestyramine resin was administered intraduodenally, or bile flow was acutely diverted from the intestine, it was demonstrated that the lipids in lymph VLDL, like those in chylomicrons, were derived from the intestine and bile. These data indicate that the VLDL in intestinal lymph are not derived from the plasma but are of intestinal origin. Because certain properties of lymph VLDL were similar to those reported for plasma VLDL (per cent lipid composition, flotation coefficient, and continuing entry into plasma in the fasting state), additional comparisons between these fractions were made. Although lymph VLDL moved to the alpha(2) region in agarose gel, when they were mixed with VLDL-free serum immediately before electrophoresis they showed the alpha(2) mobility of rat serum VLDL. Furthermore, immunoelectrophoretic comparison of partially delipidated lymph and serum VLDL revealed that these fractions shared in common their major apoprotein, and possibly others as well. The fatty acid composition of lymph and serum triglycerides, as determined by gas-liquid chromatography, revealed that although they were generally similar, differences existed which most likely reflected the presence in serum of triglycerides of hepatic origin. These experiments demonstrate the importance of intestinal VLDL in the transport of endogenous lipids in mesenteric lymph in the fasting state. The similarities between intestinal lymph VLDL and plasma VLDL suggest that the latter may be derived in part from the former.