The Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire and spasmodic/congestive dysmenorrhea: measurement of an invalid construct.

Chesney and Tasto's (1975a) Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) was developed on the basis of Dalton's theory of spasmodic and congestive dysmenorrhea, which states that the two types are caused by opposite hormonal imbalances and therefore should not be found in the same woman. Evidence is offered which suggests that the theory is incorrect. A multiple-group factor analysis failed to adequately support the two-component model. Subsequently, a factor analysis of 275 MSQs revealed seven factors rather than the two predicted by the theory. In addition, the incidence of both high premenstrual and menstrual symptoms in the same women was demonstrated. Finally, symptoms reported by women using oral contraceptives differed little from those reported by women not using oral contraceptives. It is concluded that scoring for the MSQ should be modified to include two subscales for premenstrual and menstrual symptoms, and that the labels "spasmodic" and "congestive" be discontinued until some evidence is found for their support.