Efficiency of nitrous acid as an inactivating and mutagenic agent of intact tobacco mosaic virus and its isolated nucleic acid.

When tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and its isolated nucleic acid (TMV-RNA) were treated with nitrous acid, the nucleic acid was inactivated six times faster than the intact virus. Inactivation of both the infectious entities was exponential with treatment time to 0.1% level of survival. Eight different mutant phenotypes were scored after inactivation of TMV and TMV-RNA to 50, 10, 1.0, and 0.1% survival levels. Significantly more mutants in relation to unaltered isolates were induced at all levels of survival upon nitrous acid treatment of TMV than of TMV-RNA. Furthermore, the proportion of two specific mutant phenotypes was significantly greater in treated TMV than in treated TMV-RNA. No qualitative differences, however, were observed between the mutational spectra of nitrous acid-treated TMV and TMV-RNA. These results indicate that, in the intact virus, the viral capsid protects some of the sites involved in lethality; thus, proportionately more mutants are induced on nitrous acid treatment of TMV versus TMV-RNA.