Inhibition of impulse activity in a sensory neuron by an electrogenic pump.

THE CRAYFISH TONIC STRETCH RECEPTOR NEURON MANIFESTS THREE PHENOMENA: (a) Impulse frequency in response to a depolarizing current decays exponentially to half the initial rate with a time constant of about 4 sec. (b) One or more extra impulses superimposed on steady activity result in a lengthening of the interspike interval immediately following the last extra impulse which is proportional to the number of extra impulses. However, above a "threshold' number of impulses the proportionality constant becomes abruptly larger. (c) Following trains of impulses, the resting potential of the cell is hyperpolarized by an amount proportional to impulse number. Such posttetanic hyperpolarization (PTH) decays approximately exponentially with a time constant of 11 sec, but this varies with membrane potential. These effects are attributed to the incremental increase of an inhibitory (hyperpolarizing) current with a long (relative to interspike interval) decay constant. We suggest that this inhibitory current is the result of increased electrogenic Na pumping stimulated by Na entering with each impulse. Evidence is presented that the three effects are reversibly inhibited by conditions which depress active Na transport: (a) Li substituted for Na in the bath; (b) application of strophanthidin; (c) K removal; (d) treatment with cyanide; (e) cooling. We conclude that a single process is responsible for the three responses described above and identify that process as electrogenic Na pumping. Our observations also indicate that electrogenic pumping contributes to this neuron's resting potential.