The state of water in human and dog red cell membranes.

The apparent activation energy for the water diffusion permeability coefficient, P(d), across the red cell membrane has been found to be 4.9 +/- 0.3 kcal/mole in the dog and 6.0 +/- 0.2 kcal/mole in the human being over the temperature range, 7 degrees to 37 degrees C. The apparent activation energy for the hydraulic conductivity, L(p), in dog red cells has been found to be 3.7 +/- 0.4 kcal/mole and in human red cells, 3.3 +/- 0.4 kcal/mole over the same temperature range. The product of L(p) and the bulk viscosity of water, eta, was independent of temperature for both dog and man which indicates that the geometry of the red cell membrane is not temperature-sensitive over our experimental temperature range in either species. In the case of the dog, the apparent activation energy for diffusion is the same as that for self-diffusion of water, 4.6-4.8 kcal/mole, which indicates that the process of water diffusion across the dog red cell membrane is the same as that in free solution. The slightly, but significantly, higher activation energy for water diffusion in human red cells is consonant with water-membrane interaction in the narrower equivalent pores characteristic of these cells. The observation that the apparent activation energy for hydraulic conductivity is less than that for water diffusion across the red cell membrane is characteristic of viscous flow and suggests that the flow of water across the membranes of these red cells under an osmotic pressure gradient is a viscous process.