[Acquired chronic erythroblastopaenia followed by myelofibrosis. Remission with immunosuppressive therapy (author's transl)].

A 42-year-old patient with a regenerative erythroblastopenic anaemia (7 g % Hb), considered as Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is submitted to an immunosuppressive treatment (cyclophosphamide + prednisone). For three times, this treatment gives a complete remission, followed by relapse when medication stopped. Hereafter the patient develops a Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM). Between the different hypothesis, the most probable one seems to be an autoimmune PRCA secondary to MMM but appearing before the latter. This observation allows discussion about the role of immunological phenomens in MMM.