Clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis.

Of 108 prospectively followed, multiply transfused, open-heart-surgery patients, 12 (11%) developed hepatitis. Patients received only volunteer donor blood tested for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) prior to transfusion by counterelectrophoresis (C.E.P.). 4 of the 12 patients developed hepatitis-B-virus infection. Subsequent testing of donor serums by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) revealed that an R.I.A.-positive, C.E.P.-negative blood unit was transfused to 3 of the 4 type-B hepatitis cases, but to none of the remaining 104 patients; 3 hepatitis-B cases could probably have been prevented by prescreening of donors by solid-phase R.I.A. 8 hepatitis cases were serologically unrelated to the hepatitis-B virus, the hepatitis-A virus, the cytomegalovirus, or the Epstein-Barr virus. Had R.I.A.-positive donors been excluded, 8 of the 9 residual hepatitis cases (89%) would have represented "non-A, non-B" hepatitis. The existence of previously unrecognised human hepatitis virus(es) is probable.