Scanning electron microscopy of collecting lymphatic vessels and their comparison to arteries and veins.

The morphology of canine thoracic duct and peripheral collecting lymphatics was determined using light microscopy together with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The thoracic duct was compared to the thoracic aorta and to the vena cava. Luminal surface detail was determined using the secondary imaging mode of the SEM. Subsurface nuclear and connective tissue detail was determined using back-scattered electron imagining combined with Willard's modification of Gomori's Methenamine Silver Stain. Central and peripheral lymphatic vessels have surface morphology distinct from either arteries or veins. The endothelial cell density in lymphatic vessels is less than in arteries or veins. The nuclear chromatin of lymphatic endothelial cells is coarsely granular and evenly distributed. This contrasts with nuclei from arteries or veins in which the chromatin is segmented. The distribution and orientation of lymphatic subsurface connective tissue fibers also differs from that seen in arteries and veins. It is concluded that canine lymphatic vessels have a unique surface and subsurface morphology and can be unequivocally identified by SEM.