Effect of brain lesions on rat shuttle behavior in four different tests.

Rats were trained to perform shuttle responses to a buzzer in four different situations: pseudoconditioning or D test (buzzers and footshocks presented at random), classical conditioning or DP test (buzzers and footshocks paired on every trial), avoidance without stimulus pairing or DC test (buzzer-shock intervals varied at random, shocks contingent upon non-emission of a shuttle response to the preceding buzzer), and standard two-way avoidance or DPC test (buzzers paired to shocks, but the latter omitted every time there was shuttling to the buzzer). The letters in each test disignate the factors involved in the emission of responses in each one, which were shown in previous papers to be: a non-associative factor or "drive" (D), the Pavlovian or stimulus-stimulus relation ("pairing", P), and the shuttle-no shock or main avoidance contingency (C). The effects of various brain lesions on these behaviors were studied. Ventral caudate and amygdala lesions depress both the Pavlovian (P) and the avoidance (C) component. Dorsal caudate lesions have an opposite influence on these two factors. Septal (n.medialis + lateralis, and n.accumbens) and tuberculum olfactorium lesions enhance the non-associative component (D); accumbens lesions, in addition, impair operation of the C factor. The effect of the diverse lesions on jumping responses to the buzzer or on performance of intertrial crossings does not correlate with the effect on shuttle responses.