Changes in neuropsychological performance during treatment for alcoholism.

A battery of 24 neuropsychological tests was administered to drug-free alcoholic inpatients (n = 91) within 7 days of their last drink and again 17 days later. Comparisons between this group and a nonalcoholic group of medical inpatients (n = 20) also given the same test battery twice indicated very little improvement due to abstinence (short-term improvement) in the alcoholics after controlling for practice effects. Similarly, when early postwithdrawal performance of the alcoholics was compared to an alcoholic control group (n = 32), which took the test battery only once 21 days after their last drink, little evidence for short-term recovery of cognitive functions was obtained. Insofar as decisions about the initiation of therapeutic treatments which rely on cognitive processes are based on neuropsychological performance, we conclude that such treatments may commence as soon as the clinical symptoms associated with acute withdrawal have subsided.