Skin bacteria and skin disinfection reconsidered.

Large discrepancies in the available data on skin microbiology stimulated investigations of the number, interactions, and location of commensals and the true efficiency of disinfection by using skin biopsy, culture of frozen sections, and other methods.Most current procedures were less than 0.5% as sensitive as the biopsy method described. This gave mean bacterial counts ranging from 4,400/cm(2) on the breast to 400,000/cm(2) in the axillae. An iodine preparation removed 95% of accessible organisms, but about 20% of bacteria were protected by follicles, crevices, and lipids. Commensals in over 20% of people produced antibiotics against a wide range of pathogens. Conversely, "satellitism" was demonstrable in 12% of people.