Isolation and characterization of a cloned rat insulin gene.

The two nonallelic genes, insulin I and II of the rat, are separated by at least 7 kb of DNA. There is no obvious similarity in the sequence organization surrounding each gene, although the coding regions of the genes themselves share extensive homology. In three strains of rat, the insulin II gene lies predominantly on a 4.0 kb Eco RI restriction fragment, whereas the insulin I gene is located on a 9.4 kb Eco RI fragment in the Hooded strain, on a 7.2 kb Eco RI fragment in the Osborne-Mendel strain, and on both a 9.4 and a 7.2 kb Eco RI fragment in Sprague-Dawley rats. The 9.4 kb Eco RI fragment from Hooded rat DNA was isolated using the lambda cloning system, and the nucleotide sequence of this isolated rat insulin I gene and adjacent regions was determined. A translation in one frame of the sequence of the cloned gene confirms the protein sequence determined for rat pre-proinsulin I. The coding region of this gene lacks intervening sequences, although a presumptive intervening sequence of 119 bp is located in the 5 untranslated region preceding the prehormone sequence. The junctions around the 119 bp segment are identical to those which flank intervening sequences of other eucaryotic genes, AGGT. The site of polyadenylation was determined by direct sequence comparison with rat insulin cDNA clones, and a potential 5 "capping" site is proposed. A DNA sequence preceding this 5 "capping" site in the rat insulin I gene, TATAAAGC, is homologous to corresponding regions in other eucaryotic genes that have been proposed as putative promoter sites for the initiation of transcription.