Cytochemistry and morphology of synaptic structures in the cerebral cortex of rat.

Studies have been carried out on the synapses in the cerebral cortex of rat by using impregnation with ethanolic solution of phosphotungstic acid, contrast staining with ruthenium red and impregnation with bismuth iodide, with or without subsequent uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining. It has been established that dense projections are adequately visualized with methods demonstrating basic chemical groups (phosphotungstic acid and bismuth iodide), whereas the synaptic vesicles are stained by techniques demonstrating acid chemical groups (ruthenium red and uranyl acetate and lead citrate). On the basis of these observations a hypothesis is forwarded concerning the mechanisms of migration of synaptic vesicles towards the presynaptic membrane. Measurements of the parameters of the dense projections suggest that the configuration of the presynaptic vesicular grid is not uniform along the presynaptic areas.