Circuit models of the passive electrical properties of frog skeletal muscle fibers.

The relation between the fine structure, electric field equations, and electric circuit models of skeletal muscle fibers is discussed. Experimental evidence illustrates the profound variation of potential with circumferential position, even at low frequencies (100 Hz). Since one-dimensional cable theory cannot account for such variation, three-dimensional cable theory must be used. Several circuit models of a sarcomere are presented and plots are made of the predicted phase angle between sinusoidal applied current and potential. The circuit models are described by equations involving normalized variables, since they affect the phase plot in a relatively simple way. A method is presented for estimating the values of the circuit elements and the standard deviation of the estimates. The reliability of the estimates is discussed. An objective measure of fit, Hamilton's R test, is used to test the significance of different fits to data. Finally, it is concluded that none of the proposed circuit models provides an adequate description of the observed variation of phase angle with circumferential location. It is not clear whether the source of disagreement is inadequate measurements or inadequate theory.