Intracellular ionic activities and transmembrane electrochemical potential differences in gallbladder epithelium.

Intracellular ion activities in Necturus gallbladder epithelium were measured with liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. Mean values for K, Cl and Na activities were 87, 35 and 22 mM, respectively. The intracellular activities of both K and Cl are above their respective equilibrium values, whereas the Na activity is far below. This indicates that K and Cl are transported uphill toward the cell interior, whereas Na is extruded against its electrochemical gradient. The epithelium transports NaCl from mucosa to serosa. From the data presented and the known Na and Cl conductances of the cell membranes, we conclude that neutral transport driven by the Na electrochemical potential difference can account for NaCl entry at the apical membrane. At the basolateral membrane, Na is actively transported. Because of the low Cl conductance of the membrane, only a small fraction of Cl transport can be explained by diffusion. These data suggest that Cl transport across the basolateral membrane is a coupled process which involves a neutral NaCl pump, downhill KCl transport, or a Cl-anion exchange system.