Symptomatology of depression in adolescence.

The symptomatology and dimensions of depression in adolescence were studied using the MMPI protocols of 212 adolescent psychiatric patients. A Face Valid Depression Scale for Adolescents was judgmentally developed by five child psychiatrists and psychologists. It included symptoms common to depressive adults and adolescents as well as symptoms peculiar to adolescents, which was confirmed by comparison with adult depression scales. Factor analysis of the scale yielded the following six factors: lack of self-confidence, social abandonment, loss of interests, sadness, somatic symptoms, and acting-out. The second and sixth factors appeared to be particularly characteristic of adolescents.