The effect of increasing the innervation field sizes of nerves on their reflex response time in salamanders.

1. A simple quantitative measure was sought which could describe the relationship between reflex coupling in the spinal cord of salamanders and the peripheral innervation fields of the nerves from which the reflexes were elicited.2. In decerebrate salamanders reflex responses were recorded between pairs of cut hind limb nerves. The latencies (S/R times) of these reflex responses were bilaterally symmetrical for a given pair of nerves and were shorter when the stimulated nerve of the pair had a large motor and sensory peripheral limb innervation field; this was especially obvious for reflexes between 15th and 17th segmental nerves.3. After cutting or crushing the 16th nerve in adult salamanders, the adjacent 15th and 17th nerves sprouted collaterally to innervate denervated skin and muscle. There was apparently complete recovery of normal tactile reflexes and walking movements within a month.4. The operation did not affect the reflex response (S/R) times for nerve combinations on the unoperated side, which were not significantly different from those of normal animals with similar sized peripheral nerve fields. The unoperated side therefore represented the preoperative condition.5. In animals where one or both the 15th and 17th nerves had increased its innervation field size, the S/R times between them were significantly shorter on the operated side when the nerve with the enlarged field was stimulated. The degree of shortening was greatest for nerves showing the largest increase in peripheral field area.6. The S/R times between the 15th and 17th nerves were similar to those measured in normal animals in which the peripheral fields were of similar size to the enlarged fields in the operated animals. In a few cases where the increase in field size was considerable, the S/R time between the 15th and 17th nerves became as short as that between the 15th and 16th nerves on the control side.7. After removal of the 15th nerve, the 14th nerve sprouted into the trunk skin and muscle previously innervated by the 15th nerve and the 16th nerve into denervated limb skin and muscle. In spite of the increased peripheral fields of both these nerves, there was no change in the S/R times between them, or between any other pair of limb nerves on the operated side.8. The decrease in the S/R times between the 15th and 17th nerves was only observed where the stimulated nerve had increased its peripheral limb innervation field. The possible causes and significance of this shortening reflex response times are discussed in the context of an apparently functionally appropriate adaptation in the spinal cord.