Control of F'lac replication in Escherichia coli B-r.

The timing of replication of an F'lac plasmid during the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/r lac(-)/F'lac was examined in relation to the timing of initiation of chromosome replication. This was accomplished by measuring the induction of beta-galactosidase and the incorporation of radioactive thymidine into cells at different ages in cultures growing exponentially at various rates. In cells growing with interdivision times of 27, 36, and 55 min, the F'lac replicated at various stages in the division cycle but always at approximately the same time as initiation of chromosome replication. In cells growing with an interdivision time of 85 min, the F'lac episome replicated midway through the division cycle, whereas chromosome replication initiated at the start of the cycle. Measurements of absorbance at 450 nm per cell suggested that the F'lac replicated when the cells reached a mass which was a constant multiple of the number of episomes per cell at each growth rate. In contrast, the mass per cell at initiation of chromosome replication in cells with an 85-min interdivision time was significantly lower than this constant value. A possible explanation for the apparent coupling between F'lac replication and initiation of chromosome replication at the higher growth rates, and the lack of coupling at the lowest growth rate, is discussed.