Sites of replication of chromosomal DNA in a eukaryotic cell.

In mouse cells (line P815), newly synthesized DNA labeled for 20-30 sec during exponential growth is found by electron microscope autoradiography at sites throughout the cell nucleus. These sites are relatively more concentrated in the peripheral region of the nucleus (averaged over a random population of S-phase cells), probably reflecting a higher local concentration of DNA in this region. Newly synthesized DNA is not preferentially associated with purified nuclear envelopes, but is found in a fraction of the chromosomal deoxynucleoprotein whose buoyant density in CsCl after formaldehyde treatment is about 1% lower than that of the deoxynucleoprotein peak. Kinetics experiments suggest that this material is a precursor of mature deoxynucleoprotein; it may represent regions of deoxynucleoprotein containing replicating DNA and the additional proteins involved in DNA replication. Other complexes of newly replicated DNA that are found in the interphase after phenol extraction of nuclei are formed during the extraction procedure, probably due to the partially single-stranded nature of replicating DNA, and do not appear to exist in vivo.