The stimulatory effects of carbon tetrachloride and other halogenoalkanes on peroxidative reactions in rat liver fractions in vitro. General features of the systems used.

1. The general features of the reaction by which carbon tetrachloride stimulates lipid peroxidation have been elucidated in rat liver microsomal suspensions and in mixtures of microsomes plus cell sap. The production of lipid peroxides has been correlated with malonaldehyde production in the systems used. 2. The stimulation of malonaldehyde production by carbon tetrachloride requires a source of reduced NADP(+) and is dependent on the extent of the endogenous peroxidation of the microsomal membranes: if extensive endogenous peroxidation occurs during incubation then no stimulation by carbon tetrachloride is apparent. 3. The stimulation of malonaldehyde production by carbon tetrachloride has been shown to be proportional to the square root of the carbon tetrachloride concentration in the incubation mixture. It is concluded that the stimulation of malonaldehyde production by carbon tetrachloride results from an initiation process that is itself dependent on the homolytic dissociation of carbon tetrachloride to free-radical products. 4. The increased production of malonaldehyde due to carbon tetrachloride is accompanied by a decreased activity of glucose 6-phosphatase in rat liver microsomal suspensions. 5. The relative activities of bromotrichloromethane, fluorotrichloromethane and chloroform have been evaluated in comparison with the effects of carbon tetrachloride in increasing malonaldehyde production and in decreasing glucose 6-phosphatase activity. Bromotrichloromethane was more effective, and fluorotrichloromethane and chloroform were less effective, than carbon tetrachloride in producing these two effects. It is concluded that homolytic bond fission of the halogenomethanes is a requisite for the occurrence of the two effects observed in the endoplasmic reticulum.