Experimental hypercalcaemia and whole blood clotting.

Experimental hypercalcaemia was induced in rats by (1) transplantation of the solid Walker 256 tumour, and (2) intraperitoneal injections of calcium gluconate. Whole blood clotting was studied by means of thromboelastography and whole blood clotting times in polystyrene and glass test tubes. At serum calcium levels between 10.3 and 11.5 m-equiv/l a slight delay in clot formation was found which was reversible by the addition of EDTA to whole blood. Acute, calcium-gluconate-induced hypercalcaemia, however, leads to a significant shortening of the clotting time in the polystyrene tube and to a lesser degree in the glass tube. Maximal factor XII activation in vitro with ellagic acid levels the difference of clotting times again. From these experiments it is concluded that acute hypercalcaemia induces a hypercoagulable state, possibly by partial contact activation, and thus may favour thrombus formation in vivo.