Literature DB >> 41244

Nitrogen control in Salmonella: regulation by the glnR and glnF gene products.

S Kustu, D Burton, E Garcia, L McCarter, N McFarland.   

Abstract

The product of the glnR gene is required for nitrogen regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthesis (Gln synthetase) [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] and two periplasmic transport proteins that are subject to nitrogen control in Salmonella. Strains with mutations to loss of function of the glnR product [e.g., a strain with a Tn10 insertion or one with an ICR-induced (frameshift) mutation in glnR] have about 3% as much Gln synthetase as a fully derepressed wild-type strain and are unable to increase synthesis of this enzyme or periplasmic transport proteins in response to nitrogen limitation. The structural gene for Gln synthetase, glnA, and those for the periplasmic transport proteins are unlinked on the chromosome; thus, glnR appears to encode a diffusible positive regulatory element. Consistent with this, the mutant glnR allele is recessive to the wild-type allele with regard to expression of glnA (synthesis of Gln synthetase). Although glnR is closely linked to glnA, strains with mutations to complete loss of function of the glnR product can be distinguished from glnA strains by their ability to produce detectable Gln synthetase and to grow in the absence of glutamine. To demonstrate unequivocally that glnR is distinct from glnA, we have purified and characterized Gln synthetase from a strain with a Tn10 insertion in glnR. Because the properties of Gln synthetase from the insertion mutant, most importantly the carboxyl-terminal sequence of amino acids, are the same as those of synthetase from wild type, the Tn10 insertion cannot be in glnA (if it were, the carboxyl terminus of Gln synthetase would have to be altered); therefore we conclude that the Tn10 insertion is in a regulatory gene, glnR, which is distinct from glnA. A model for the function of the glnR product together with the previously defined glnF product in mediating nitrogen control is discussed.

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Year:  1979        PMID: 41244      PMCID: PMC411621          DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4576

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A        ISSN: 0027-8424            Impact factor:   11.205


  23 in total

1.  Acetylornithinase of Escherichia coli: partial purification and some properties.

Authors:  H J VOGEL; D M BONNER
Journal:  J Biol Chem       Date:  1956-01       Impact factor: 5.157

2.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.

Authors:  O H LOWRY; N J ROSEBROUGH; A L FARR; R J RANDALL
Journal:  J Biol Chem       Date:  1951-11       Impact factor: 5.157

Review 3.  Cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate in Escherichia coli.

Authors:  I Pastan; S Adhya
Journal:  Bacteriol Rev       Date:  1976-09

4.  gltB gene and regulation of nitrogen metabolism by glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli.

Authors:  G Pahel; A D Zelenetz; B M Tyler
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1978-01       Impact factor: 3.490

5.  Regeneration of amino acids from thiazolinones formed in the Edman degradation.

Authors:  E Mendez; C Y Lai
Journal:  Anal Biochem       Date:  1975-09       Impact factor: 3.365

6.  Regulatory mutations in the Klebsiella aerogenes structural gene for glutamine synthetase.

Authors:  R A Bender; B Magasanik
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1977-10       Impact factor: 3.490

7.  Autogenous regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Klebsiella aerogenes.

Authors:  R A Bender; B Magasanik
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1977-10       Impact factor: 3.490

8.  Genetic control of glutamine synthetase in Klebiella aerogenes.

Authors:  S L Streicher; R A Bender; B Magasanik
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1975-01       Impact factor: 3.490

9.  Mutations affecting glutamine synthetase activity in Salmonella typhimurium.

Authors:  S G Kustu; K McKereghan
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1975-06       Impact factor: 3.490

10.  The product of a newly identified gene, gInF, is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella.

Authors:  E Garcia; S Bancroft; S G Rhee; S Kustu
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  1977-04       Impact factor: 11.205

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  82 in total

1.  General nitrogen regulation of nitrate assimilation regulatory gene nasR expression in Klebsiella oxytoca M5al.

Authors:  S Q Wu; W Chai; J T Lin; V Stewart
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1999-12       Impact factor: 3.490

2.  Role of nitrogen regulator I (NtrC), the transcriptional activator of glnA in enteric bacteria, in reducing expression of glnA during nitrogen-limited growth.

Authors:  S P Shiau; B L Schneider; W Gu; L J Reitzer
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1992-01       Impact factor: 3.490

3.  Regulation of expression from the glnA promoter of Bacillus subtilis requires the glnA gene product.

Authors:  H J Schreier; S H Fisher; A L Sonenshein
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  1985-05       Impact factor: 11.205

4.  Transcription of glnA by purified Escherichia coli components: core RNA polymerase and the products of glnF, glnG, and glnL.

Authors:  T P Hunt; B Magasanik
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  1985-12       Impact factor: 11.205

5.  Fine-structure deletion map and complementation analysis of the glnA-glnL-glnG region in Escherichia coli.

Authors:  T MacNeil; D MacNeil; B Tyler
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1982-06       Impact factor: 3.490

6.  Polarity in the glnA operon: suppression of the reg- phenotype by rho mutations.

Authors:  S K Guterman; G Roberts; B Tyler
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1982-06       Impact factor: 3.490

7.  Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity and synthesis in free-living and symbiotic Anabaena spp.

Authors:  J Orr; R Haselkorn
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1982-11       Impact factor: 3.490

8.  Characterization of glutamine-requiring mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Authors:  D B Janssen; H M Joosten; P M Herst; C van der Drift
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1982-09       Impact factor: 3.490

9.  Complex glnA-glnL-glnG operon of Escherichia coli.

Authors:  G Pahel; D M Rothstein; B Magasanik
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1982-04       Impact factor: 3.490

10.  Characterization of a gene, glnL, the product of which is involved in the regulation of nitrogen utilization in Escherichia coli.

Authors:  Y M Chen; K Backman; B Magasanik
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  1982-04       Impact factor: 3.490

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