Attenuation of cisplatinum-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat by high salt diet, furosemide and acetazolamide.

The influence of variations in sodium chloride diet, furosemide and acetazolamide on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatinum have been investigated in the rat by measuring serum creatinine concentrations 5 days after cisplatinum (5 mg/kg, ip) administration. Sodium chloride depletion enhanced, while sodium chloride loading minimized changes in renal function. Increases in urine flow rate following a dextrose water load failed to alter the nephrotoxic response. Both furosemide and acetazolamide, given 30 min before cisplatinum, attenuated the nephrotoxic response. In contrast, neither sodium chloride loading, furosemide, nor acetazolamide influenced the change in renal function when given 30 min after cisplatinum. These observations indicate that renal damage due to cisplatinum can be modified by alterations in dietary salt and by diuretics and that the extent of ultimate renal damage is dependent on factors occurring immediately after cisplatinum administration.