Reversible helix/coil transitions of left-handed Z-DNA structures. Comparison of the thermodynamic properties of poly(dG).poly(dC), poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)], and poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC).

In contrast to poly(dG).poly(dC), which remains in the B-DNA conformation under all experimental conditions the polynucleotides with the strictly alternating guanine/cytosine or guanine/5'-methylcytosine sequences can change from the classical right-handed B-DNA structure to the left-handed Z-DNA structure when certain experimental conditions such as ionic strength or solvent composition are fulfilled. Up to now the investigation of the helix/coil transition of left-handed DNA structures was not possible because the transition temperature exceeds 98 degrees C. By applying moderate external pressure to the surface of the aqueous polymer solution in the sample cell the boiling point of the solvent water is shifted up the temperature scale without shifting the transition temperature, so that we can measure the helix/coil transition of the polynucleotides at all experimental conditions applied. It can thus be shown that the Z-DNA/coil transition is cooperative and reversible. The Tm is 125 degrees C for poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) in 2mM Mg2+, 50mM Na+, pH 7.2 and 115 degrees c for poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)] in 3.04M Na+. The transition enthalpy per base pair was determined by the help of an adiabatic scanning microcalorimeter.