Management of acoustic neuromas, 1978-1983.

The surgical aspects of 162 consecutive procedures for removal of acoustic neuromas, performed from 1978 through 1983, are reviewed. Nearly all of the procedures were done through a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniectomy. Most used the combined skills of a neurosurgeon and an otological surgeon. Total tumor removal was accomplished in 98% of cases. There have been two recurrences and one postoperative death. The facial nerve was preserved in 81% of procedures. Facial function returned in nearly all of these patients, but the degree of return was variable. The cochlear nerve was preserved in 55 patients, but hearing was present in only 14. The most common complication was cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhea (12%); about half of these patients required a secondary procedure. Other complications were meningitis (5%), aspiration (3%), and hemorrhage (2%). During the period reviewed, several changes occurred in management of this disorder. These procedures are now being done by a surgical team. The neurosurgeon performs the intracranial work and the otological surgeon accomplishes the temporal bone dissection. Most patients undergo the operation in the supine rather than the sitting position. During the operation, the facial nerve is monitored continuously by electromyography with intermittent bipolar stimulation. There appears to be continuing improvement in the management of these patients.