Bronchial carcinoid tumours. A clinicopathologic study of 82 cases.

A clinical and "blind" histologic review of 82 cases of bronchial carcinoid tumour is presented. The malignant potential of the tumours was only partly predictable from their histologic appearance. Histologically 65 of the tumours were typical benign carcinoids. Regional metastases were found at operation in two of these patients. Fatal carcinoid syndrome with regional and distant metastases appeared in two patients about 1 and 3 years postoperatively. One of the patients with regional metastases at operation is clinically free from carcinoid 12 years later. Malignancy was histologically suspected in 17 cases, in ten of which regional metastases were found at operation. Three of these ten patients are alive 6 to 16 years postoperatively, but two without regional metastases at operation died of local recurrence and distant metastases after 3 to 4 years. Carcinoid syndrome was not seen in these 17 patients. There was one peroperative death. Altogether ten patients (12%) died of recurrence. Among the cases judged at the "blind" histologic review to be suspectedly malignant, the corresponding figure was 50%. For typical carcinoids, conservative resection, including lymph-node metastases, is the treatment of choice. Wedge or sleeve resection with or without pulmonary resection were employed in ten cases. Suspectedly malignant carcinoid tumours may require more extensive surgery.