Assay for beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid: usefulness for the detection of neoplastic meningitis.

The specificity and sensitivity of the assay for beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid were evaluated to determine the usefulness of this test for the detection of neoplastic meningitis. The enzyme activity was first measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 131 patients with various disorders and was then prospectively measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 30 patients with cytologic results that were positive for or suggestive of malignant disease. Within the first group, elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase were found only among patients with neoplastic processes in the central nervous system, including neoplastic meningitis. Among 26 patients with neoplastic processes in the central nervous system, including neoplastic meningitis. Among 26 patients with positive cytologic results, 13 had elevated beta-glucuronidase activities. Elevated values were more frequent among patients with adenocarcinoma (75%) and myelogenous leukemia (60%). The patients with these two disorders also had the highest enzyme activities. The correlation of th beta-glucuronidase level with other cerebrospinal fluid values, including total protein, glucose content, and cell count, was not significant. The findings of this study indicate that measurement of beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic test for neoplastic meningitis. The results should be interpreted with caution, however, because of the possibility that the elevated enzyme levels may be due to acute or subacute bacterial or fungal meningitis.