Axonal degeneration in large and small nerve fibres. An electron-microscopic and morphometric study.

Using computer-aided morphometric methods, axonal degeneration following nerve crush was analysed to reassess whether small fibres degenerate before large fibres or vice versa, or simultaneously. Axonal microtubule density was used as the criterion for determining the extent of fibre degeneration. Axonal areas and axonal microtubule numbers were recorded from a large sample of myelinated fibres in the right unoperated rat sural nerve and distal to crush in the left sural nerve. Both samples were divided into small and large fibre groups, according to axonal areas. Statistical analysis of the data confirmed a significant loss of microtubules from the left crushed nerve fibres but no significant difference in the relative loss of microtubules from small and large fibres. It is concluded, therefore, that in Wallerian degeneration, axonal breakdown, as assessed by microtubule loss, occurs simultaneously in small and large fibres. The findings are related to the electrophysiological changes which occur in Wallerian degeneration.