Open reduction of congenital hip dislocation. Advantages of the Ferguson medial approach.

Between 1974 and 1982, 56 hips of 51 children with congenital hip dislocation were treated by open reduction via the medial approach according to Ferguson. The mean age at operation was 7 (3-15) months. After 4 months of plaster cast immobilization, 41 hips had a normal acetabular index. Three hips required supplementary surgery: Salter's pelvic osteotomy in one case and a varus osteotomy in two cases. Of the remaining 53 hips, 26 received supplementary abduction treatment. During the first 2 years after reduction, 19 hips showed slight lateral displacement due to capsular laxity. The follow-up averaged 3 (0.5-8) years. All children older than 3 years now had stable, concentrically reduced hips without special treatment of the lateralization; in 9 of the 56 hips the acetabular roof was still dysplastic at follow-up. There was no difference in anteversion and neck-shaft angle between the treated and the contralateral hips. As vascular lesions were observed in only two hips and lateralization disappeared spontaneously, the Ferguson procedure seems safe.