Tolerance, cross-tolerance, and receptors after chronic nicotine or oxotremorine.

Saline, 8.0 mg/kg/hr nicotine, or 1.0 mg/kg/hr oxotremorine was continuously infused into the jugular veins of DBA female mice. After 10 days of treatment, respiratory rate, Rotarod performance, Y-maze crossings, Y-maze rears, heart rate, and body temperature were measured after challenge with 2.0 mg/kg nicotine or saline or 0.2 mg/kg oxotremorine. Nicotine-infused mice were tolerant to the effects of nicotine for all six tests and oxtremorine-infused mice were tolerant to the effects of oxotremorine for all six tests and to the effects of nicotine on heart rate and body temperature. Oxotremorine infusion reduced the Bmax for [3H]-L-QNB binding, but had no effect on Bmax for either [3H]-DL-nicotine or [125I]-alpha-BTX binding. Conversely nicotine infusion did not alter the Bmax for [3H]-L-QNB binding, but increased the Bmax for both [3H]-DL-nicotine and [125I]-alpha-BTX binding. These results indicate that tolerance developed to the effects of two cholinergic agents, nicotine and oxotremorine, and that some cross-tolerance to the effects of nicotine occurred in oxotremorine-treated mice. Treatment with oxotremorine caused down-regulation of muscarinic receptors, while treatment with nicotine caused up-regulation of nicotinic receptors. Although some cross-tolerance to the effects of nicotine occurred in oxotremorine-treated mice, this did not appear to result from changes in nicotinic receptors.