Incorporation of phenol carbon at trace concentrations by phenol-mineralizing microorganisms in fresh water.

The fate of phenol carbon at phenol concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml was determined in freshwater samples. Approximately 20% of the parent phenol was incorporated into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material by the microorganisms capable of mineralizing phenol. There was no apparent lag period before phenol incorporation commenced, and incorporation was complete within 2 h at all concentrations tested. A direct relationship was found between the initial phenol concentrations and both phenol mineralization and incorporation rates, indicating that cometabolism of phenol does not occur at concentrations that are environmentally significant. At all concentrations, approximately 80% of the initial phenol concentration was mineralized. This percentage plus the percentage of phenol incorporated at the various concentrations equaled approximately 100%. Therefore, the parent phenol does not remain in fresh water; it is either incorporated into cellular biomass or mineralized. However, the incorporated phenol carbon is subject to bioaccumulation in nature. There was no apparent lag period before thymidine was incorporated into biomass, and incorporation was complete within 4 to 8 h at all of the phenol concentrations tested. Thymidine incorporation was independent of phenol concentration at all levels tested. This is probably due to the small amount of thymidine incorporated by the phenol-mineralizing microorganisms in comparison with the amount of thymidine incorporated by the total microbial population.