Symptom prevalence in the elderly. An evaluation of age, sex, disease, and medication use.

Prevalence of reported symptoms was studied in 1927 women and 1140 men over 65 years of age in an ambulatory health screening program. Reports of 28 common symptoms were obtained from a standardized questionnaire completed by participants at the time of their fourth annual visit to the program. A comparison was made of the prevalence of specific symptoms by sex, age, disease states, and drug use patterns. The most common symptoms reported by women were nocturia (80.4%), swollen feet or ankles (30.5%), cold feet and/or legs (28.6%), and irregular heartbeat (23.2%), whereas men complained most often of nocturia (79.8%), irregular heartbeat (24.8%), cold feet and/or legs (23.6%), and tinnitus (23.1%). Women reported a mean of 3.99 symptoms compared with 3.22 reported by men (P less than .0001). In women their was a statistically significant association for most symptoms in subjects reporting the use of medication compared with a group who did not use medication. In men the use of medication was less highly correlated with reports of symptoms. Nearly 100% of participants reported having at least one disease state. The number of symptoms reported was strongly related to the number of disease states, and after adjusting for diseases, women reported more symptoms than men. The best predictor of symptom prevalence was the number of disease states followed by the number of drugs used and then age.