Primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with organic brain syndrome.

In a retrospective study of 552 patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) the effects of parathyroid surgery were selectively investigated in 13 elderly patients with organic brain syndrome. With a few exceptions, these 13 patients had mild or moderate hypercalcaemia but severe mental impairment. Ten patients had a clinical diagnosis of senile dementia and 12 had been admitted from a mental hospital. Postoperatively, eight patients improved mentally and seven of them were able to return to their homes or could be transferred to somatic units. The eight patients who showed improvement, either temporary or more permanent, had a relatively short duration of mental symptoms preoperatively, all less than 2 years, while those who did not improve mentally after surgery had a longer history of mental illness. Screening for HPT was subsequently performed in a psychogeriatric clinic to investigate the prevalence of HPT in this population. Hypercalcaemia and probable HPT was found in five (5%) of 101 patients. The results indicate that parathyroidectomy may improve the mental state in patients with HPT and organic brain syndrome. As a substantial number of patients in a psychogeriatric population seem to have HPT, the disease should be searched for in patients with newly diagnosed organic brain syndrome.