A multifactorial approach for the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the stomach after curative resection.

This study was done to define the prognostic role of some clinical and pathologic variables in patients with carcinoma of the stomach who underwent a curative subtotal gastrectomy for cancer located at the lower two-thirds of the stomach. An univariate and multivariate analysis, according to Cox's regression model, was retrospectively performed upon 361 patients operated upon at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1965 to 1979 by a curative subtotal gastrectomy. Data were stored by an IBM 4331 computer. Several factors were taken into consideration: age, sex, site and size of tumor, gross appearance, histologic type, invasion of the gastric wall, nodal status and symptoms. Of six variables selected by the univariate analysis, only four (sex, age, lymph node status and degree of invasion in the gastric wall) were validated by the multivariate evaluation, whereas tumor size and symptoms lost their prognostic relevance. The most important variables were nodal status and the degree of invasion in the gastric wall. The influence of age had a different impact on survival time, depending upon nodal status. In fact, patients with positive nodes who were less than 60 years old had the worst prognosis; the same age group with negative nodes had the best prognosis. Multifactorial analysis, according to the automatic interaction detection procedure, showed that prognosis worsened progressively beginning with female patients with negative nodes at pT1 or pT2 (91.6 per cent five year survival rate), male patients with negative nodes at pT1 or pT2 (76.3 per cent five year survival rate), female patients with negative nodes at pT3 or pT4 (62.4 per cent), male patients with negative nodes at pT3 or pT4 (40.0 per cent), patients more than 60 years old with negative nodes (36.8 per cent) and patients less than 60 years old with positive nodes (20.8 per cent). In our opinion, these parameters should be taken into consideration when stratification of patients as candidates to undergo adjuvant treatment after surgical treatment is planned.