Characterization of neutral sphingolipids from chicken erythrocytes.

The neutral sphingolipids from chicken erythrocytes were characterized. The total concentration of neutral sphingolipids was found to be 480 nmol/g of dry stroma. They were isolated and purified by droplet counter-current chromatography, Iatrobeads column chromatography, and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The major neutral sphingolipids were free ceramide, ceramide monohexoside, ceramide dihexoside, and ceramide pentahexoside, which represented 43%, 23.5%, 10.0%, and 3.6% of the long chain bases, respectively. Thus, free ceramide was the most abundant neutral sphingolipid in chicken erythrocytes. Ceramide monohexoside was composed of more galactosylceramide than glucosylceramide. Galabiosylceramide was found in the ceramide dihexoside fraction together with lactosylceramide. Ceramide pentahexoside was a Forssman glycolipid. There were two groups of neutral sphingolipids; one had mainly C16 fatty acid and the other had C22 and C24 fatty acids. In both groups sphingosine (d18:1) was predominant as a long chain base. 2-Hydroxy-C16 fatty acid was a major component of one of the ceramide monohexosides.