Spatial orientation mechanisms and their implications for falls.

Postural stability is only one function on a multisensory system that also subserves spatial orientation and gaze stability. The problem of falling is discussed in the context of understanding the nature and integration of these sensory loops, and the possibility of their modification is discussed. The characteristics of the visual system contributing to spatial orientation are analyzed. The role of gaze stability in postural balance and its modification as a function of age are also discussed. It is suggested that our understanding of the problem of falling will be enhanced by a research strategy that views the problem as a special case of spatial orientation.