Chemotherapy in the management of invasive bladder cancer. A review.

In this review of the management of invasive carcinoma of the bladder the results of primary and systemic therapies are evaluated in the light of the natural history of the disease. The clinical and pathological causes of treatment failure are assessed in an attempt to identify new approaches that may be used in the future management of patients with bladder cancer. To improve survival in this disease requires different approaches to both the control of local disease and the early control of metastatic disease.